Rare events refer to occurrences that happen infrequently and have low probabilities of happening, but when they do occur, they can have a significant impact. Researchers studying rare events often focus on understanding the underlying factors that lead to their occurrence, as well as developing strategies to predict and mitigate their effects. This research area is interdisciplinary, drawing on fields such as statistics, economics, sociology, and psychology. Common examples of rare events include natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and rare diseases. Understanding and effectively managing rare events is important for policymakers, emergency responders, and other stakeholders to ensure the safety and security of communities and society as a whole.